哈尔岑独获2026年诺贝尔物理学奖

yun2026

哈尔岑独获2026年诺贝尔物理学奖

2026年9月，麻省理工学院提出利用纳米级机械变化处理信息的器件平台。研究人员把软聚合物的形变和恢复特性引入微小结构，使器件在受力后产生可调节的运动响应，进而模仿神经元的部分行为。它尝试把计算和记忆功能更多交给材料本身承担，而不是依赖大量分立电子元件。

团队使用极薄的黏弹性聚合物层，探索在纳米尺度实现可逆机械变化的办法。这个尺度下，微小位移就可能明显改变器件性质，但相邻表面的黏附也容易让结构无法分离，因此控制材料响应是关键。研究为紧凑、低功耗的信息处理提供了一条不同路线，潜在方向包括边缘设备、可穿戴监测和智能机器人。其启发来自生物系统把感知、记忆和动作分散在身体不同部位的方式。现阶段展示的是器件物理机制与功能集成潜力，距离构成可广泛使用的计算系统，还需要解决规模制造、连接方式和长期稳定性等问题。

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